Samaveda samhita is not meant to be read as a text, it is like a musical score sheet that must be heard. Including these repetitions, there are a total of 1,875 verses numbered in the Samaveda recension translated by Griffith. Some of the Rigvedic verses are repeated more than once. The largest number of verse come from Books 9 and 8 of the Rig Veda. The Samaveda consists of 1,549 unique verses, taken almost entirely from Rigveda, except for 75 verses. The Samaveda, like other Vedas, contains several layers of text, with Samhita being the oldest and the Upanishads the youngest layer.
The purpose of Samaveda was liturgical, and they were the repertoire of the or "singer" priests. The later sections of the Samaveda, states Witzel, have least deviation from substance of hymns they derive from Rigveda into songs.
Just like Rigveda, the early sections of Samaveda typically begin with Agni and Indra hymns but shift to abstract speculations and philosophy, and their meters too shifts in a descending order. Typically, the Purvarcika collection were sung to melodies described in the Gramageya-Gānas index, and the rules of how the verses mapped to verses is described in the Sanskrit texts such as the Puspasutra. The Gramageya melodies are those for public recitations, while Aranyageya melodies are for personal meditative use such as in the solitude of a forest. The Purvarcika portion of the text has 585 single stanza verses and is organized in order of deities, while Uttararcika text is ordered by rituals. The Gana collection is subdivided into Gramageya and Aranyageya, while the Arcika portion is subdivided into Purvarcika and Uttararcika portions. A melody in the song books corresponds to a verse in the arcika books. The first part include four melody collections (gāna, गान) and the second part three verse "books" (ārcika, आर्चिक). and the Jaiminiya in the Carnatic, Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
the in the Maharashtra, Karnataka, Gokarna, few parts of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh. the Kauthuma recension is current in Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and since a few decades in Darbhanga, Bihar,. Griffith says that there are three recensions of the text of the Samaveda Samhita: The musical notation is written usually immediately above, sometimes within, the line of Samaveda text, either in syllabic or a numerical form depending on the Samavedic Sakha (school). The Samaveda text contains notated melodies, and these are probably the world's oldest surviving ones. It has far fewer verses than Rigveda, but Samaveda is textually larger because it lists all the chant- and rituals-related score modifications of the verses. It is a fusion of older melodies ( sāman) and the Rig verses. According to Frits Staal, it is "the Rigveda set to music". The Samaveda is the Veda of Chants, or "storehouse of knowledge of chants". Of the three surviving versions, the Jaiminiya preserves the oldest surviving tradition of Samavedic chanting. There were about a dozen styles of Samavedic chanting. He estimates the composition of the samhita layer of the text chronologically after the Rigveda, and in the likely range of 1200 to 1000 BCE, roughly contemporary with the Atharvaveda and the Yajurveda. Michael Witzel states that there is no absolute dating for Samaveda and other Vedic texts. The Samaveda set important foundations for the subsequent Indian music. 12 BCE or "slightly rather later," roughly contemporary with the Atharvaveda and the Yajurveda.Įmbedded inside the Samaveda is the widely studied Chandogya Upanishad and Kena Upanishad, considered as primary Upanishads and as influential on the six schools of Hindu philosophy, particularly the Vedanta school. While its earliest parts are believed to date from as early as the Rigvedic period, the existing compilation dates from the post-Rigvedic Mantra period of Vedic Sanskrit, between c. Three recensions of the Samaveda have survived, and variant manuscripts of the Veda have been found in various parts of India. All but 75 verses have been taken from the Rigveda. One of the four Vedas, it is a liturgical text which consists of 1,875 verses. It is an ancient Vedic Sanskrit text, and part of the scriptures of Hinduism. The Samaveda (from "song" and "knowledge"), is the Veda of melodies and chants.
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